Politecnico di Torino coordinates the NeTS project and leads its scientific and technological development. The research unit focuses on modelling urban traction electrification systems and developing the Digital Twin of the tramway network by integrating infrastructure data, electrical measurements, and vehicle location information. Its activities also include the development of artificial intelligence-based models for estimating operating variables, performing energy analyses, and detecting anomalies. Politecnico di Torino is also responsible for integrating the different project components into the web-based platform and coordinating the experimental activities carried out on Turin’s tramway network.

The University of Trento contributes to NeTS with expertise in electrical systems, modelling, and intelligent energy management. The research unit develops models and methodologies to analyse the energy behaviour of DC traction systems and assess their evolution towards fully integrated smart grids. Particular attention is devoted to the integration of power generators, energy storage systems, and new electrical loads, as well as to the definition of strategies for improving energy efficiency and making effective use of the energy recovered during vehicle braking. These tools support the Digital Twin’s simulation and what-if analysis capabilities.

INRiM contributes to the NeTS project by ensuring the metrological quality and reliability of the information used by the Digital Twin. The research unit participates in the design, development, and testing of a low-cost multifunctional measurement system for monitoring pantograph voltage, vehicle current demand, and geographical position. Its activities include sensor characterisation, measurement uncertainty assessment, and the validation of measurements both in the laboratory and under real operating conditions. INRiM’s contribution therefore enables the development of digital models based on accurate, traceable data that reliably represent actual operating conditions.

Infra.To supports the NeTS project by providing technical expertise and information concerning Turin’s tramway infrastructure. Its contribution helps reconstruct and validate the physical and electrical characteristics of the network, including track layout, power supply architecture, and traction substations. Infra.To also assists in identifying representative sections of the network and relevant operating scenarios for the development and testing of the Digital Twin. This collaboration ensures that the digital models accurately reflect the real infrastructure and can support analyses aimed at improving energy efficiency, reliability, maintenance planning, and the integration of new DC-connected technologies.

GTT supports the NeTS project by contributing its operational expertise as the operator of Turin’s public transport network. The company provides information and data concerning tram services, vehicle movements, and fleet operation, enabling the Digital Twin to reproduce the actual behaviour of the transport system. GTT also facilitates access to vehicles and operational environments for measurement campaigns and field testing of the monitoring equipment developed within the project. Its contribution is essential for validating the proposed models and tools under real operating conditions and for identifying practical applications related to energy analysis, anomaly detection, predictive maintenance, and service optimisation.